Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a loss of cells in certain areas of the brain containing a neurotransmitter (a chemical) called dopamine. Like for many of the neurodegenerative disorders, the last few years have had exciting new discoveries on the causes of the neurodegeneration. The hope is that finding the root cause will lead in short order to the discovery of new therapies. This has been true of Alzheimer’s Disease this past year.
There has also been concerted effort not only to find the root causes of these disorders, but also the numerous lifestyle and comorbid diseases that increase the risk of developing them. For example, heart disease is a distinct disorder from high cholesterol and high blood pressure, but having the latter increases the risk of developing heart disease.
Several previous studies have shown that having a sleep disorder called “obstructive sleep apnea” (OSA) in which oxygenation levels drop at night may be a risk factor for developing Parkinson’s Disease. Lower oxygen levels result in something called “Oxidative stress” which promotes neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is known to be involved in the genesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Further oxidative stress may play a role in the accumulation of a protein called alpha-synuclein which causes the death of nerve cells containing dopamine.
The exciting news is that a recent study has shown that treating OSA early on may reduce the increased risk of developing PD associated with OSA. The treatment of OSA is with a mask that provides continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), keeping airways open to allow more oxygen to the tissues.
The study demonstrated that the risk of developing PD in people who started CPAP soon after being diagnosed with OSA (within 2 years) is reduced compared with those who delay using CPAP (more than 2 years). The incidence of developing PD for those who begin CPAP late was the same as those who did not use it at all.
The BeCare Neuro app can help you track your neurologic exam for signs of Parkinson’s disease and other neurologic disorders. By comparing your scores with the general population, you will know when to seek a formal diagnosis and address any risk factors you can modify. Be empowered over your own healthcare journey.