A recent article identified four classes of drugs that may increase the risk of developing dementia.
1.Anticholinergic Medications
– Commonly found in bladder medications, sleep aids, and allergy medications (such as Benadryl)
– These meds block acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter for memory and learning.
– Long-term use has been linked to increased dementia risk and cognitive decline.
– This class has one of the strongest associations with dementia risk.
2. Benzodiazepines
Examples: diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax)
– Used for anxiety, insomnia, and panic disorders.
– Can cause sedation, confusion, and slowed thinking.
– Long-term use is associated with increased cognitive impairment and dementia risk.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Examples: omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole
– Used for GERD and ulcers.
– May contribute to vitamin B12 deficiency or low magnesium, affecting brain function.
– Evidence is mixed, but some studies suggest a possible association with cognitive decline.
- Certain Antidepressants (with Anticholinergic Effects)
– Some older antidepressants have anticholinergic properties.
– These may impair cognition, especially in older adults.
Other brain-active medications that may worsen cognition include:
– Antipsychotics
– Barbiturates
– Sedative-hypnotics (e.g., Z-drugs)
It is important to distinguish between true dementia and reversible side effects from these medications. The side effects can worsen pre-existing confusion previously not identified and may also increase fall risk. The association does not prove causality and – any of these medications remain appropriate when used carefully. It is imperative to frequently assess the need for the meds as well as how much you are really need as the potential for increased risk of cognitive decline is often dose- and duration-dependent. The best plan is to discuss your medication list regularly with physician. Stopping these meds abruptly may lead to greater problems.
The BeCare Neuro App can help by allowing you to assess your cognitive health over time and compare how you are doing compared to your own previous self and to the general population. Be Empowered with BeCare. Become a driver in your cognitive health journey.